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WaterpikTM Water Flosser: Unequivocally Proven Safe in Clinical Studies Over 5 Decades

Safety of a Water Flosser: A Literature Review

Jolkovsky DL et al. Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry 2015; 36(2):2-5.

Objective

Since the introduction of the first WaterpikTM water flosser in 1962, over sixty clinical trials have been published. Collectively, the studies demonstrate significant plaque removal, reduction of gingival bleeding, and reversal of inflammation (gingivitis). The majority of the studies are randomized controlled trials and published in peer-reviewed journals providing the reader with the best evidence to make informed clinical decisions. This literature review was designed specifically to address the safety of a water flosser.

Methodology

This review was divided into four sections: histological findings, subgingival pathogens, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment levels, and bacteremia.

Results

  • Histological findings: Studies showed a significant reduction in inflammation on the cellular level compared to non-treated sites which showed varying levels of inflammation. This confirms that a WaterpikTM water flosser is safe for the periodontal pocket tissue.
  • Subgingival pathogens: Studies show significant removal of subgingival pathogens, even in deep pockets, with the use of a WaterpikTM water flosser. This was not generally seen in non-water flossed sites. This addresses the concern that bacteria might be driven deeper into pockets.
  • Pocket depths and clinical attachment levels: Studies show a significant improvement in probing pocket depth and clinical attachment levels or no change. These studies address the concern that a WaterpikTM water flosser might break the epithelial attachment.
  • Bacteremia: Research shows the incidence of bacteremia is the same for tooth brushing, flossing, wood sticks, water flossing, and mastication.

Conclusion

The WaterpikTM water flosser has been proven safe.

Findings from Clinical Studies on the Safety of the WaterpikTM Water Flosser

  • Histological reduction in inflammation
  • Reduction or stability of probing pocket depth
  • Improvement or stability of clinical attachment levels
  • Removal of subgingival pathogenic bacteria
  • Improvements in morphological subgingival flora
  • No adverse effects reported
  • Clinical changes demonstrating a reduction in gingivitis, inflammation, and plaque
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